Water Flow Rate Through an Orifice Calculator

Orifice Flow Rate Formula:

\[ Q = C A \sqrt{2 g h} \]

Discharge Coefficient (C):

Orifice Area (A):

m²

Gravity (g):

m/s²

Head (h):

Flow Rate (Q):

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1. What is a Water Flow Rate Through an Orifice Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the volumetric flow rate of water through an orifice using the standard orifice equation.

Purpose: It helps engineers, hydrologists, and technicians determine water flow rates in pipes, tanks, and other hydraulic systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ Q = C A \sqrt{2 g h} \]

Where:

\( Q \) — Flow rate (m³/s)
\( C \) — Discharge coefficient (0.6-0.65)
\( A \) — Cross-sectional area of orifice (m²)
\( g \) — Acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²)
\( h \) — Head or height of water above orifice (m)

Explanation: The flow rate depends on the orifice size, water pressure (head), and the discharge coefficient which accounts for energy losses.

3. Importance of Orifice Flow Calculation

Details: Accurate flow rate calculations are essential for designing water systems, irrigation networks, and industrial processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the discharge coefficient (default 0.62), orifice area in m², gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), and water head in meters. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the discharge coefficient (C)?
A: It's a dimensionless factor (0.6-0.65) that accounts for energy losses and flow contraction through the orifice.

Q2: How do I calculate orifice area?
A: For circular orifices, A = π × (diameter/2)². For other shapes, use appropriate area formulas.

Q3: What units should I use?
A: The calculator uses metric units (meters, seconds). For other units, convert to metric before calculation.

Q4: Does this work for other liquids?
A: The basic formula works, but the discharge coefficient may vary for different fluids.

Q5: What affects the discharge coefficient?
A: Orifice shape, edge sharpness, and Reynolds number all influence the coefficient value.