1. What is a Refractory Heat Transfer Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the rate of heat transfer through refractory materials using Fourier's Law of heat conduction.

Purpose: It helps engineers and technicians calculate heat flow in industrial furnaces, kilns, and high-temperature applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Heat transfer rate (Watts)
• \( k \) — Thermal conductivity of refractory (W/m·K)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)
• \( \Delta T \) — Temperature difference across material (K)
• \( d \) — Thickness of refractory material (m)

Explanation: The formula calculates steady-state heat transfer through a homogeneous refractory material.

3. Importance of Refractory Heat Transfer Calculation

Details: Accurate calculations ensure proper furnace design, energy efficiency, and material selection for thermal insulation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the thermal conductivity of your refractory material, surface area, temperature difference, and thickness. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical k values for refractories?
A: Common refractory materials range from 0.5-5 W/m·K, with insulating refractories as low as 0.1 W/m·K.

Q2: Why is ΔT in Kelvin rather than Celsius?
A: Kelvin is used because it represents absolute temperature difference (1 K = 1°C difference).

Q3: How does thickness affect heat transfer?
A: Heat transfer rate is inversely proportional to thickness - doubling thickness halves the heat transfer.

Q4: Does this account for temperature-dependent k values?
A: No, this assumes constant thermal conductivity. For precise calculations, use average k for your temperature range.

Q5: What about multi-layer refractory walls?
A: For multiple layers, calculate each layer separately and use the total thermal resistance.