1. What is Pipe Flow Head Loss?

Definition: Head loss represents the energy loss due to friction as fluid flows through a pipe, expressed in meters of fluid column.

Purpose: This calculation is essential for designing piping systems, selecting pumps, and ensuring proper fluid flow in engineering applications.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Darcy-Weisbach equation:

Where:

• \( h \) — Head loss (meters)
• \( f \) — Darcy friction factor (dimensionless)
• \( L \) — Pipe length (meters)
• \( v \) — Flow velocity (meters/second)
• \( g \) — Gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s²)
• \( D \) — Pipe diameter (meters)

Explanation: The equation relates head loss to pipe characteristics and flow conditions, accounting for frictional losses.

3. Importance of Head Loss Calculation

Details: Accurate head loss calculation ensures proper system design, prevents pump overload, and maintains desired flow rates in piping systems.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the friction factor (default 0.02 for turbulent flow), pipe length, flow velocity, gravity (default 9.81 m/s²), and pipe diameter. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How do I determine the friction factor?
A: For turbulent flow, use Moody chart or Colebrook equation. For laminar flow (Re < 2000), f = 64/Re.

Q2: What's a typical friction factor value?
A: For smooth pipes in turbulent flow, 0.02 is common. Rough pipes may have values up to 0.05.

Q3: Does this include minor losses?
A: No, this calculates only major (frictional) losses. Minor losses from fittings require separate calculation.

Q4: What units should I use?
A: Consistent SI units are required (meters for length/diameter, m/s for velocity).

Q5: How does pipe roughness affect results?
A: Rougher pipes increase friction factor and thus head loss. The calculator assumes you've accounted for roughness in your f value.