Solar Energy Calculator

Solar Energy Formula:

\[ E = I \times A \times \eta \times T \]

Irradiance:

W/m²

Panel Area:

m²

Efficiency:

(0-1)

Time:

hours

Energy Output: Wh

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1. What is a Solar Energy Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the energy output of a solar panel system based on sunlight conditions, panel specifications, and time.

Purpose: It helps homeowners, engineers, and renewable energy enthusiasts determine potential solar energy production.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

\[ E = I \times A \times \eta \times T \]

Where:

\( E \) — Energy output (Watt-hours)
\( I \) — Solar irradiance (W/m²)
\( A \) — Panel area (m²)
\( \eta \) — System efficiency (0-1)
\( T \) — Time period (hours)

Explanation: The formula calculates how much energy a solar panel system can produce under given conditions.

3. Importance of Solar Energy Calculation

Details: Accurate energy estimation helps in system sizing, cost analysis, and performance prediction for solar installations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter irradiance (typically 1000 W/m² for standard test conditions), panel area, efficiency (default 18% or 0.18), and time period. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is typical solar panel efficiency?
A: Most commercial panels range from 15-22% efficiency (0.15-0.22). Premium panels may reach 24%.

Q2: How do I find solar irradiance for my location?
A: Use solar maps or databases like NASA's POWER or PVWatts calculator.

Q3: Does this include system losses?
A: The efficiency factor should account for all losses (inverter, wiring, temperature, etc.).

Q4: Can I calculate daily energy production?
A: Yes, use average daily peak sun hours (typically 4-6 hours) for the time value.

Q5: How do I convert Watt-hours to kWh?
A: Divide the result by 1000 (1 kWh = 1000 Wh).