1. What is a Sink Rate Calculator?

Definition: This calculator estimates the sink rate (vertical descent speed) based on weight, fluid density, and volume.

Purpose: It helps in aviation (gliding), sedimentation studies, and any scenario where objects descend through fluids.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( S \) — Sink rate (meters/second)
• \( W \) — Weight (Newtons)
• \( D \) — Fluid density (kg/m³)
• \( V \) — Volume (cubic meters)

Explanation: The weight is divided by the product of density and volume to determine the descent speed through the fluid.

3. Importance of Sink Rate Calculation

Details: Understanding sink rate is crucial for flight planning (gliders), sediment deposition studies, and designing objects that move through fluids.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the weight in Newtons, fluid density (default 1.225 kg/m³ for air at sea level), and volume. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: How is this different from terminal velocity?
A: Sink rate is the actual descent speed, while terminal velocity is the maximum possible sink rate when drag equals weight.

Q2: What's a typical air density value?
A: At sea level, air density is about 1.225 kg/m³, but decreases with altitude and varies with temperature/humidity.

Q3: How do I convert kg to Newtons?
A: Multiply mass in kg by 9.81 (gravity acceleration) to get weight in Newtons.

Q4: What affects sink rate in gliders?
A: Wing loading (weight/wing area), air density, and aerodynamic efficiency all affect sink rate.

Q5: How is this used in sedimentation?
A: The same principle calculates how quickly particles settle in liquids, important in water treatment and geology.