1. What is a Pipe Size Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines the required pipe diameter based on flow rate and velocity using the continuity equation.

Purpose: It helps engineers and designers select appropriate pipe sizes for fluid transport systems.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( D \) — Pipe diameter (meters)
• \( Q \) — Volumetric flow rate (cubic meters/second)
• \( v \) — Flow velocity (meters/second)
• \( \pi \) — Mathematical constant Pi (~3.1416)

Explanation: The formula derives from the continuity equation (Q = v × A), solving for diameter from the cross-sectional area (A = πD²/4).

3. Importance of Pipe Sizing

Details: Proper pipe sizing ensures efficient flow, prevents excessive pressure drops, and minimizes pumping costs while avoiding oversizing.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the flow rate in m³/s and desired velocity in m/s (default 1.0 m/s for water). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical flow velocity for water?
A: For water, common velocities range 0.5-2.5 m/s (1.0 m/s is often used as default).

Q2: How does pipe material affect sizing?
A: Material affects friction losses but not the basic diameter calculation. However, you'll select standard sizes based on available pipes.

Q3: What if I need the diameter in inches?
A: Multiply the result by 39.37 to convert meters to inches.

Q4: Does this work for gases?
A: Yes, but gas velocities are typically higher (10-30 m/s) and compressibility may need consideration.

Q5: What about non-circular pipes?
A: This calculator is for circular pipes. For other shapes, use the hydraulic diameter concept.