1. What is Heat Flow Rate?

Definition: Heat flow rate (Q) is the amount of thermal energy transferred per unit time in a system.

Purpose: This calculator determines the heat transfer rate in thermal systems using mass flow rate, specific heat capacity, and temperature difference.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Heat flow rate (Watts)
• \( m \) — Mass flow rate (kg/s)
• \( c \) — Specific heat capacity (J/kg·K)
• \( \Delta T \) — Temperature change (Kelvin)

Explanation: The formula calculates the thermal energy transfer based on how much mass is flowing, its heat capacity, and the temperature difference.

3. Importance of Heat Flow Rate Calculation

Details: Accurate heat flow calculations are essential for designing HVAC systems, thermal management in electronics, industrial processes, and energy efficiency analysis.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass flow rate in kg/s, specific heat capacity (default 4186 J/kg·K for water), and temperature difference in Kelvin. All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What are typical specific heat values?
A: Water = 4186 J/kg·K, Air ≈ 1005 J/kg·K, Aluminum ≈ 900 J/kg·K, Steel ≈ 500 J/kg·K.

Q2: Can I use Celsius instead of Kelvin?
A: Yes, because ΔT is the same in both scales (1K change = 1°C change).

Q3: How do I find mass flow rate?
A: Multiply fluid density (kg/m³) by volumetric flow rate (m³/s).

Q4: What if my substance changes phase?
A: This calculator doesn't account for latent heat during phase changes.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It provides theoretical values assuming constant specific heat and no heat loss.